ISO 19111:2019

Overview

ISO 19111:2019 - Geographic information - Referencing by coordinates defines the conceptual schema and minimum data requirements for describing coordinate reference systems (CRS) and coordinate operations. The standard covers spatial, parametric and temporal CRSs, including static and dynamic reference frames where coordinate values change with time. It specifies how to record CRS metadata, coordinate operations (transformations), and related modelling constructs using UML and conformance rules for producers and users of geographic information.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Coordinate reference systems (CRS): Definitions for spatial (geodetic, local, image/sensor, platform‑referenced), parametric (non‑spatial parameters varying with depth/height), temporal (dateTime/count/measure), and mixed CRSs.
• Dynamic reference frames: Support for tectonic plate motion, crustal deformation and CRSs that include time evolution while keeping CRS definitions stable.
• Coordinate operations: Conceptual schema for defining transformations that change coordinate values, including operations that incorporate a time element.
• Minimum metadata and optional descriptive metadata: Requirements for identifying, naming, scoping and describing CRSs and their domain of validity.
• Datums and reference frames: Models for geodetic and temporal datums, datum ensembles (grouping related realizations), and geoid‑based vertical CRSs.
• Modeling and conformance: UML schemas for packages (Coordinates, Coordinate Systems, Datums, Coordinate Operations), an abstract test suite (Annex A), informative examples (Annex E) and guidance for interfacing to ISO 19111.
• Extensions for special use: Triaxial ellipsoid support for planetary applications and three‑dimensional projected CRSs.

Practical applications

ISO 19111:2019 is essential for any workflow that requires precise, interoperable coordinate referencing and transformations:

• GIS data modeling, storage and exchange
• Geodetic network realization and reference‑frame management
• Surveying, cadastral mapping and construction/site engineering
• Remote sensing, image georeferencing and sensor metadata
• Navigation, autonomous vehicle positioning and platform‑referenced data
• Time‑dependent applications (tectonics, crustal motion, dynamic positioning)
• Planetary mapping and mission data where non‑Earth ellipsoids are used

Who should use this standard

• GIS professionals, geodesists and surveyors
• Software developers and system integrators implementing CRS/coordinate transformation libraries
• Data producers, mapping agencies and national mapping authorities
• Remote sensing specialists, cartographers and navigation system designers
• Organizations needing long‑term, interoperable spatial and spatio‑temporal data exchange

Related standards

• ISO 19112 (Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers)
• Previous edition ISO 19111:2007 (superseded)
• Work by ISO/TC 211 and OGC on coordinate reference system interoperability

By implementing ISO 19111:2019, organizations ensure consistent CRS definitions, robust coordinate transformations (including time‑aware operations) and better interoperability across GIS, surveying and positioning systems.