ISO 3734:1997
Petroleum products — Determination of water and sediment in residual fuel oils — Centrifuge method
Petroleum products — Determination of water and sediment in residual fuel oils — Centrifuge method
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 15
- Дата публикации:
- 24 июля 1997 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 3734 edition 2 version 1
- ICS:
- 75.160.20
This International Standard specifies a method for the laboratory determination of the sum of water and sediment in residual fuel oils using the centrifuge method. With some oils it is difficult to obtain water or sediment contents using this method. When this situation is encountered, IS0 3733 and IS0 3735 should be used. NOTE - It has been observed that centrifugal methods of determination of water and sediment may, in many cases, give erroneous results. This is especially so when use of a high-speed mixer has been employed to obtain a representative sample. The method is therefore not entirely satisfactory and the amount of water determined is almost always lower than the actual water content. Significant quantities of water and sediment can cause operational problems in handling equipment and in engines and burners, particularly when the water present contains mineral salts. Design of residual fuel oil treatment facilities, such as filters or centrifuges, is based on a maximum quantity of material to be removed before combustion. Residual fuel oils destined for further refinery processing also require low levels of water and sediment to minimize corrosion problems.
Abstract
Overview
ISO 3734:1997 - "Petroleum products - Determination of water and sediment in residual fuel oils - Centrifuge method" - specifies a laboratory centrifuge method for measuring the combined volume of water and sediment in residual fuel oils. The standard describes required reagents (water‑saturated toluene, demulsifier), apparatus (cone‑shaped 200 mm centrifuge tubes, thermostatted centrifuge and heating bath), sampling and homogenization practices, test procedure, result expression and reporting, and precision considerations.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Test principle: equal volumes of sample and water‑saturated toluene are mixed in a cone centrifuge tube; after centrifugation the lower high‑density layer (water + sediment) is read volumetrically.
- Reagents: grade‑specified toluene (water‑saturated at test temperature) and a demulsifier (recommended 25% demulsifier in 75% toluene stock; 0.2 ml added per tube).
- Apparatus:
- Cone‑shaped centrifuge tubes (nominally 200 mm) with calibrated graduations; volumetric verification per ISO 4787.
- Centrifuge capable of producing relative centrifugal force (rcf) 500–850 at the tube tip; thermostatic control to maintain sample temperature (typically 50 °C ±1 °C or 60 °C ±1 °C where specified).
- Heating bath and thermometer capable of holding temperature within specified limits.
- Procedure highlights:
- Fill tube to 50 ml with saturated toluene, add sample to 100 ml, add demulsifier, mix, equilibrate in bath, and centrifuge in balanced pairs.
- Read combined water + sediment volume to nearest 0.05 ml (with finer estimation below 0.1 ml); repeat spins until two consecutive readings are constant.
- Limitations & caution:
- The method can underestimate water, especially after high‑speed mixing (stable emulsions); inaccurate results have been observed with some oils.
- Safety warning: hazardous materials and equipment - users must ensure appropriate safety practices.
- Result expression: report percentage volume of water + sediment; values
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 28 - Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources
- SKU
- ISO 3734:1997
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