ISO 6165:2022

Overview

ISO 6165:2022 - "Earth‑moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and vocabulary" defines a standardized identification structure and vocabulary for earth‑moving machinery. The standard classifies machines by primary function and design configuration (excavation, loading, transportation, drilling, spreading, compacting, trenching) and supports additional classifications by operating mass and operator control configuration. Annex A provides a procedure to apply the identification structure; Annex B gives a hierarchy of operator control configurations.

Key topics

• Scope and purpose: Clear, consistent identification of earth‑moving machinery according to function and configuration for work on roads, dams, quarries, mines and building sites.
• Core vocabulary: Definitions for terms such as base machine, equipment, attachment, operating mass, machine family, machine model, and individual machine.
• Machine families: Enumerated families include dozers, loaders (incl. swing, skid‑steer, compact, telescopic), backhoe loaders, excavators (incl. minimal swing and minimal tail radius types), trenchers, dumpers, scrapers, graders, compactors, rollers, pipelayers, compact tool carriers, and vacuum excavators.
• Control and automation: Categories for direct‑control, remote‑control (wire and wireless), autonomous, and semi‑autonomous operation modes.
• Operator protection and enclosures: Definitions of operator protective structure (ROPS/TOPS/FOPS), canopy, and cab.
• Operating mass: A standardized basis for mass classification - base machine with usual configurations, fluids, operator weight (when applicable), and fuel.
• Identification procedure & hierarchy: Annex A gives classification procedure using the identification structure; Annex B organizes operator control configurations.

Applications

ISO 6165:2022 is practical for:

• Manufacturers and designers for consistent product naming and model designation.
• Fleet managers, rental companies and procurement teams for accurate specification, ordering and asset classification.
• Regulators, certifiers and insurers using standardized machine categories for compliance, safety and insurance purposes.
• Technical writers, marketers and product catalogues to improve interoperability, searchability and SEO using standard terminology.
• Developers of autonomous and remote‑control systems to align control‑mode definitions.

Who should use this standard

• OEMs and equipment manufacturers
• Construction, mining and infrastructure project managers
• Standards committees and safety authorities
• Rental, resale and fleet management businesses
• Technical authors and procurement specialists

Related standards

ISO 6165 references and complements safety and nomenclature documents such as the ISO 20474 series (machine safety), ISO 7131/7135 (loaders/excavators), ISO 6747 (dozers), ISO 8812 (backhoe loaders), and identification/PIN guidance in ISO 10261. Use ISO 6165:2022 to ensure consistent classification and improve clarity across specifications, documentation and procurement.