ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025

Overview - ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025 (MPEG Immersive Video)

ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025 specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding processes for MPEG Immersive Video (MIV) as an extension of ISO/IEC 23090-5. The standard enables coded representation and playback of three-dimensional (3D) scenes with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) within a limited range of viewing positions and orientations. It defines bitstream formats, V3C characteristics, and post‑decoding workflows needed to store, distribute, and render immersive video.

Key Topics - technical scope and requirements

• Bitstream architecture and formats: V3C unit and NAL unit formats, partitioning of atlas frames into tiles, mapping of views to V3C components.
• Syntax and semantics: Tabular syntax definitions, descriptor and function specifications, and semantic rules that govern decoding and interpretation.
• Decoding and reconstruction: Detailed decoding processes for atlas data, occupancy/geometry/attribute/packed video, and common atlas data; pre- and post-reconstruction steps.
• Adaptation and parsing: Sub-bitstream extraction, group extraction, parsing processes for playback adaptation.
• Profiles, tiers and levels: Normative annex for conformance classes and capabilities.
• Supplemental and usability metadata: Annexes for supplemental enhancement information and volumetric usability information to aid rendering and delivery.
• New/extended functionality (2025 edition): Support for colourized geometry, capture device metadata, patch margins, background views and static background atlases, decoder-side depth estimation, chroma dynamic range modification, and additional depth quantization options.
• Interoperability considerations: References to related video coding technologies and normative cross-references (e.g., AVC, HEVC, VVC, V3C/V‑PCC).

Applications - practical use cases

• VR/AR playback and streaming: Deliver immersive experiences enabling viewer translation and rotation (6DoF) in real-time or on-demand streaming.
• Volumetric content distribution: Efficient storage and delivery of multi-view and multi-camera captures for virtual production and telepresence.
• Device and player implementation: Decoder and renderer developers implement the MIV bitstream syntax and decoding pipelines to enable interoperable immersive media players.
• Content creation and tooling: Production tools for multi-camera capture, atlas generation, and bitstream packaging conform to the standard for cross-platform compatibility.
• Research and testing: Standardized conformance tests, performance evaluation, and feature development for immersive codecs and renderers.

Related Standards

• ISO/IEC 23090-5 (V3C and V‑PCC) - foundation for volumetric video and atlas-based coding
• ISO/IEC 23090-3 (Versatile Video Coding, VVC)
• ISO/IEC 23008-2 (HEVC) and ISO/IEC 14496-10 (AVC) - referenced video codec technologies used in implementations

Keywords: ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025, MPEG immersive video, MIV, 6DoF, immersive video, V3C, bitstream format, decoding, atlas, NAL, volumetric video.