ISO/TR 10825-2:2022

Overview

ISO/TR 10825-2:2022 - Gears: Wear and damage to gear teeth - Part 2: Supplementary information is a Technical Report that explains mechanisms, observations and potential mitigation approaches for gear tooth wear and damage. It provides non‑normative, explanatory material to help engineers and analysts recognize types of damage and consider possible causes and countermeasures. The document emphasises that causes are often multiple and that the guidance is not exhaustive or definitive - detailed specialist investigation may still be required.

Key topics

The report systematically covers both tribological and mechanical damage modes and includes summaries of observed mitigation methods:

• Tribological damage (non‑fatigue): polishing, scratches, abrasive wear (sources of particles), scuffing, adhesive wear, fretting and interference wear. Includes practical notes on lubrication, contamination control and surface finishing.
• Fatigue damage: contact fatigue (micropitting, macropitting, case crushing, white‑layer flaking, tooth flank fractures) and bending fatigue (tooth root failures, rim/web cracks).
• Non‑fatigue fractures and plastic deformation: brittle and ductile fracture modes, indentation, brinelling, cold/hot flow, ridging and interference deformation.
• Manufacturing‑related failures: forging and hardening cracks, grinding cracks and burn, hydrogen‑induced defects, segregation and case/core separation.
• Structure of the report: terms/definitions, warnings, summaries of risk‑reduction methods, and topics still under research.

Practical applications

ISO/TR 10825-2:2022 is useful for practical tasks including:

• Root‑cause investigation and failure analysis of gear tooth damage
• Condition monitoring and maintenance planning (interpreting inspection findings)
• Design review and material/heat‑treatment selection to reduce common failure modes
• Defining preventive measures: lubrication strategy, contamination control, surface treatment and manufacturing best practices
• Training engineers and technicians on common damage patterns and interactions

Who should use this standard

• Gear designers and mechanical engineers
• Maintenance, reliability and asset managers
• Failure analysis specialists and tribologists
• Heat‑treatment and manufacturing engineers
• Test laboratories and certification bodies using ISO gear guidance

Related standards

For system design and calculation context, consult complementary ISO gear standards and other parts of the ISO 10825 series. These can be used together with ISO/TR 10825-2:2022 to link observed damage to design loads, material choices and inspection criteria.

Keywords: ISO/TR 10825-2:2022, gear wear, gear tooth damage, micropitting, scuffing, contact fatigue, failure analysis, tribological damage, gear maintenance, gear manufacturing.