Overview
CEN ISO/TS 21911-2:2022 - Solid recovered fuels - Determination of self-heating - Part 2: Basket heating tests (ISO/TS 21911-2:2022) provides guidance on laboratory basket heating tests used to characterise the self‑heating behaviour of solid recovered fuels (SRF). It compiles basket test methods, explains their applicability for SRF, and describes how test data can be used to calculate critical conditions in storage. Results are tied to the specific quality and age of the sample and are intended for quality control and for hazard and risk assessments in conjunction with ISO 21912.
Key topics
- Test method compilation: Collection and description of basket heating procedures including the crossing‑point method and other basket approaches used to assess self‑heating potential.
- Applicability and limitations: Guidance on when basket heating tests are appropriate for SRF and how sample age, composition and handling affect results.
- Reaction kinetics and test types: Overview of methods to determine reaction kinetics (isoperibolic tests, crossing‑point method, adiabatic hot storage tests) and their relevance to SRF.
- Classification links: Discussion of how basket test results relate to regulatory schemes (UN/MTC Test N.4, GHS classification, IMO criteria) and product classification.
- Use of data for storage calculations: Methods to apply measured self‑heating behaviour to compute critical ambient temperature (CAT) and other parameters for safe storage design (normative guidance provided).
- Sample handling and reporting: Requirements and recommendations for sampling, transport, storage, preparation, disposal and detailed test reporting.
- Informative annexes: Examples include selection of SRF materials, kinetic calculation examples and a normative annex on using data for storage safety calculations.
Applications
- Quality control: Routine testing by SRF producers and laboratories to monitor batches for self‑heating risk.
- Hazard & risk assessments: Input data for fire risk assessments, emergency planning and insurance evaluations.
- Storage design and operations: Determining CAT and safe stacking/storage limits for warehouses, stockpiles and silos.
- Regulatory & classification support: Evidence for classification under UN, GHS and IMO frameworks where relevant.
- Research & product development: Comparing treatment routes, ageing effects and mitigation strategies for SRF streams.
Who should use this standard
- SRF producers and processors, testing laboratories, logistics and storage operators, equipment manufacturers, consultants, regulators and insurance assessors involved with solid recovered fuels and storage safety.
Related standards
- ISO 21911-1 (isothermal calorimetry methods for SRF)
- ISO 21912 (recommendations for handling and prevention of SRF fires)
- Other ISO 21911 series documents addressing SRF self‑heating testing and assessment
Keywords: CEN ISO/TS 21911-2:2022, solid recovered fuels, SRF, basket heating tests, self‑heating, critical ambient temperature, crossing‑point method, isoperibolic tests, storage safety, ISO 21912.