ISO 18947-1:2021 PDF

Name: ISO 18947-1:2021 — Imaging materials and prints — Abrasion resistance — Part 1: General rub testing methods
SKU: ISO 18947-1:2021
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Imaging materials and prints — Abrasion resistance — Part 1: General rub testing methods

Название (английский):

ISO 18947-1:2021

Imaging materials and prints — Abrasion resistance — Part 1: General rub testing methods

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 19
Дата публикации:: 5 ноября 2021 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 18947 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 37.040.20

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Язык документа:

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Описание (английский):

This document specifies test methods to determine the rub resistance of analogue and digital prints. This includes photographic as well as graphic and office prints on all substrates. ISO 18947-1 provides information and general guidance relevant to the selection and operation of abrasion test methods and also describes general performance requirements for abrasion test devices used.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO 18947-1:2021 - "Imaging materials and prints - Abrasion resistance - Part 1: General rub testing methods" defines standardized test methods and guidance to determine the rub (abrasion) resistance of analogue and digital prints. It covers photographic, graphic and office prints on all substrates and describes general performance requirements for abrasion test devices, selection and operation of abrasion test methods, sample preparation, evaluation and reporting. This second edition (2021) replaces ISO 18947:2013 and extends scope to graphic and office prints, adds more tester types and introduces visual evaluation alongside instrumental methods.

Key topics and requirements

Scope and applicability: Analogue and digital prints on any substrate (photographic, graphic, office).

Terms and definitions: Key concepts such as abrasion, analogue print, digital print, receptor, and quasi-linear motion are defined to ensure consistent testing language.

Test principle: Controlled rubbing (frictional) action to simulate real-life abrasion, with outcomes including loss of colour, smearing, gloss changes and material transfer.

Test devices: Description, preparation and general performance requirements for abrasion testers (multiple device types are covered; Annex A provides examples and operating parameters).

Sample preparation: Guidance on preparing test specimens and selecting receptor materials to simulate intended use conditions.

Test procedure: Standardized steps for conducting rub tests; includes how test movement, force, and receptor selection affect results.

Evaluation methods: Both visual evaluation (required because optical measurements may not correlate with human perception) and optical/instrumental measurements (densitometry, color measurement) are described.

Reporting: Required information to include in a test report to ensure reproducibility and comparability.

Practical applications and users

ISO 18947-1 is intended for:

Print manufacturers (photographic, inkjet, toner, offset) and substrate suppliers validating durability.

Quality assurance and testing laboratories conducting permanence and durability testing.

R&D teams developing inks, coatings and protective layers.

Equipment manufacturers designing abrasion test devices or specifying device performance.

Conservators, museums and buyers assessing print handling risks and longevity.

Benefits: consistent, repeatable rub testing; improved product specifications; better comparison across technologies; informed material selection for intended use.

Related standards

ISO 18947-2: Rub testing of photographic prints (dedicated procedures)

ISO 18936, ISO 18937, ISO 18941, ISO 18946: Environmental permanence tests (heat, light, ozone, humidity)

ISO 18922 / ISO 18951: Scratch and reflection-print durability standards

Normative refs cited: ISO 2813 (gloss), ISO 2834 (test print preparation), ISO 8254-1 (paper gloss)

Keywords: ISO 18947-1, abrasion resistance, imaging materials, rub testing, photographic prints, graphic prints, office prints, abrasion test devices, rub resistance test methods.

ISO 18947-1:2021 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Practical applications and users

Related standards

Технические детали

ISO 18947:2013

Imaging materials — Photographic reflection prints — Determination of abrasion resistance of photographic ima…

BS ISO 18947:2013

Imaging materials. Photographic reflection prints. Determination of abrasion resistance of photographic images

BS ISO 18936:2012

Imaging materials. Processed colour photographs. Methods for measuring thermal stability

BS ISO 18937-1:2023-TC

Tracked Changes. Imaging materials. Methods for measuring indoor light stability of photographic prints. Gene…

ISO 18941:2011

Imaging materials — Colour reflection prints — Test method for ozone gas fading stability

BS ISO 18946:2023-TC

Tracked Changes. Imaging materials. Reflection colour photographic prints. Method for testing humidity fastne…

BS ISO 18922:2003

Imaging materials. Processed photographic films. Methods for determining scratch resistance.

ISO 18951-1:2022

Imaging materials — Scratch resistance of photographic prints — Part 1: General test method