ISO 22891:2013 PDF

Name: ISO 22891:2013 — Paper — Determination of transmittance by diffuse reflectance measurement
SKU: ISO 22891:2013
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Paper — Determination of transmittance by diffuse reflectance measurement

Название (английский):

ISO 22891:2013

Paper — Determination of transmittance by diffuse reflectance measurement

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 11
Дата публикации:: 26 февраля 2013 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 22891 edition 2 version 1
ICS:: 85.060

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Описание (английский):

ISO 22891:2013 specifies a method for the calculation of transmittance based upon diffuse reflectance measurements. The use of the method is restricted to white and near-white translucent papers (see 3.9). If it is necessary to determine the transmittance of papers which contain fluorescent whitening agents, the fluorescence emission is eliminated using the prescribed UV cut-off filter.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO 22891:2013 defines a standardized method to determine the transmittance of white and near‑white translucent papers indirectly by diffuse reflectance measurement. Rather than measuring light transmitted directly, the standard uses luminance (reflectance) data and a Kubelka‑Munk–based calculation to produce a single, total transmittance value compatible with paper opacity testing practices.

Key topics and technical requirements

Scope: Applicable only to white and near‑white translucent papers; fluorescent whitening agents require elimination of fluorescence via a 420 nm UV cut‑off filter.

Principle: Measure luminance factors (C) of a sheet over a white backing and over a black cavity, then calculate transmittance from those readings using the method described (Kubelka‑Munk based).

Instruments: A calibrated reflectometer (filter colourimeter or abridged spectrophotometer) meeting the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics of ISO 2469. Spectrophotometers should be fitted with the 420 nm UV cut‑off where needed.

Standards & references: Uses ISO 2469 measurement procedures and cross‑references opacity measurement (ISO 2471). Sampling guidance follows ISO 186; colour computations may use ASTM E308 tables.

Sampling & preparation: At least five rectangular test pieces (approx. 75 × 150 mm), avoiding defects and stored between protection sheets; orientation of sheet (top/wire side) must be consistent.

Calibration & traceability: Use ISO/TC 6 authorized reference standards and working standards; maintain black cavity and white backing conditions per the standard.

Reporting: Test report must state mean transmittance, standard deviation, instrument type, whether a 420 nm filter was used, and any deviations from the method.

Applications and users

Paper and board manufacturers – quality control of translucency and light transmission.

Independent testing laboratories – certified reporting of transmittance for specifications and compliance.

Converters, printers and packaging specifiers – assessing show‑through, printability, and end‑use visual performance.

Instrument manufacturers and calibration labs – validation and calibration of reflectometers and spectrophotometers. Practical benefits include a reproducible transmittance metric that complements opacity data and supports product specification, acceptance testing, and process control.

Related standards

ISO 2469 - Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (reflectance)

ISO 2471 - Opacity of paper and board

ISO 186 - Sampling to determine average quality

ASTM E308 - Colour calculation practice

Keywords: ISO 22891:2013, transmittance, diffuse reflectance, paper transmittance, luminance factor, Kubelka‑Munk, reflectometer, UV cut‑off filter, fluorescent whitening agents.

ISO 22891:2013 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

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