ISO 23381:2020 PDF

Name: ISO 23381:2020 — Determination of salt out (crystallization) temperature of liquid fertilizers
SKU: ISO 23381:2020
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Determination of salt out (crystallization) temperature of liquid fertilizers

Название (английский):

ISO 23381:2020

Determination of salt out (crystallization) temperature of liquid fertilizers

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 10
Дата публикации:: 17 сентября 2020 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 23381 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 65.080

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Описание (английский):

This document specifies the test procedure for the determination of the salt out temperature (SOT), also known as the crystallization temperature (CT) of liquid (fluid) fertilizers, using an inexpensive and simple technique. This method might not be applicable to the binary and ternary fertilizers, especially with regards to the last crystal to disappear (LCTD). Some of these exceptions are discussed in the procedure (Clause 8).

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO 23381:2020 specifies a simple, low-cost laboratory procedure to determine the salt out temperature (SOT) - also called the crystallization temperature (CT) - of liquid (fluid) fertilizers. The method uses a cooling medium (commonly a dry ice / alcohol bath) to induce crystallization and records the temperature behavior as the sample cools and then warms. The standard is intended as a practical test for assessing the temperature at which solids form or re-dissolve in liquid fertilizers, helping stakeholders manage storage, handling and transport in cold conditions.

Key topics and technical requirements

Test principle: Cool a measured aliquot of fertilizer in an alcohol–dry ice bath while stirring; once crystals form, allow the sample to warm and record the temperature at which crystals first appear (FCTA / TCT) and when the last crystal disappears (LCTD). The LCTD is typically taken as the SOT unless crystals persist on warming - in which case the FCTA is reported.

Scope & limitations: Applies to many liquid fertilizers but may not be applicable to some binary or ternary blends (exceptions and specific guidance are discussed in Clause 8).

Reagents & safety:

Use IPA, methanol, ethanol or acetone with dry ice; alternatives such as an ice–salt bath may be used if dry ice is unavailable.
Safety warnings: dry ice causes frostbite; alcohols/acetone are flammable; perform operations in a fume hood and use insulated gloves.

Equipment:

Stir motor setup with thermometer replacing the stir blade, glass test tubes (≈50 cm noted), silver-lined Dewar vacuum flask, thermometers rated to at least −40 °C, thin stainless wire and latex tubing for mounting.
Typical sample volume and set points in the standard: ~15 ml sample, ~250 ml solvent in Dewar; stirring at ~50–60 RPM.

Procedure notes: Repeated cooling/warming cycles and careful observation of the last crystal to dissolve (LCTD) are central to obtaining reproducible SOT values.

Applications and users

ISO 23381:2020 is valuable for:

Fertilizer manufacturers - product specification, quality control, R&D (formulation stability).

Logistics and storage planners - establishing cold-chain limits to avoid salting out during transport or storage.

Agronomy and extension services - advising end-users on safe handling and field application during cold seasons.

Regulatory bodies and testing labs - harmonized method for comparative testing and compliance checks.

Keywords: ISO 23381:2020, salt out temperature, SOT, crystallization temperature, liquid fertilizers, test procedure, dry ice/methanol bath, LCTD, FCTA.

ISO 23381:2020 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

Технические детали

ISO 8157:1984

Fertilizers and soil conditioners — Vocabulary

SIST EN ISO 3696:1998

Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)

BS EN ISO 13927:2023

Plastics. Simple heat release test using a conical radiant heater and a thermopile detector.

SIST EN ISO 3016:2019

Petroleum and related products from natural or synthetic sources - Determination of pour point (ISO 3016:2019)