ISO 4320:1977 PDF

Name: ISO 4320:1977 — Non-ionic surface active agents — Determination of cloud point index — Volumetric method
SKU: ISO 4320:1977
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Non-ionic surface active agents — Determination of cloud point index — Volumetric method

Название (английский):

ISO 4320:1977

Non-ionic surface active agents — Determination of cloud point index — Volumetric method

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 3
Дата публикации:: 1 февраля 1977 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 4320 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 71.100.40

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Описание (английский):

The determination is carried out by adding, at 30 degree Celsius, of distilled water to a propanol solution to the surface active agent until the appearance of cloudiness. The determination of the cloud point index provided a way of characterizing weakly alkoxylated derivates and their hydrocarbon hydrophobic groups. This simple and rapid measurement is a valuable means for checking the level of alkoxylation of non-ionic derivatives intended, for example, for sulphonation.

Abstract

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Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO 4320:1977 specifies a volumetric method for determining the cloud point index of non-ionic surface active agents (surfactants). The cloud point index is a crucial indicator that characterizes weakly alkoxylated non-ionic surfactants and their hydrocarbon hydrophobic groups. This standard method involves the gradual addition of distilled water at 30°C to a propanol solution of the surfactant until the solution becomes opaque, signaling the cloud point.

This simple, rapid, and reliable test provides valuable quality control data useful for checking the alkoxylation level of non-ionic surfactants, particularly those intended for further chemical processing like sulphonation.

Key Topics

Scope and Applicability The method applies primarily to non-ionic surface active agents that are weakly oxyalkylated (containing 1 to 5 ethylene oxide groups). It covers surfactants with hydrophobic groups derived from alcohols, alkylphenols, or fatty acids with melting points below 30°C. It can also be applied to lipophilic bases from alcohols, alkylphenols, and fatty acids.

Principle of the Method At a controlled temperature of 30°C, distilled water is added gradually to a propanol solution of the surfactant (100 g/L). The volume of water required to induce cloudiness is measured accurately and reported as the cloud point index in milliliters.

Test Procedure

Prepare a sample of approximately 1.0 ± 0.1 g of the surfactant in propanol.
Use a thermostated double-jacket beaker maintained at 30.0 ± 0.5°C.
Add distilled water dropwise over 20-30 minutes while stirring moderately to avoid splashing.
Observe the solution until it becomes turbid, then allow 5 minutes for stabilization.
Record the volume of water added to cause permanent opacity.

Equipment Requirements The test requires standard laboratory equipment including:

Double-jacket beaker with temperature control.
Precise analytical balance.
Burette for water addition.
Thermometer (capable of ±0.1°C accuracy).
Electromagnetic stirrer and magnetic stir bar.

Data Reporting and Repeatability The cloud point index is the mean value of at least three determinations with accuracy to ±0.05 ml. Repeatability within the same laboratory should not exceed a 2% variance; reproducibility between different laboratories should stay within 5%.

Applications

Quality Control in Surfactant Manufacturing Measuring the cloud point index helps manufacturers ensure consistent alkoxylation levels in non-ionic surfactants, which affect properties like solubility, formulation stability, and performance.

Product Characterization The cloud point index serves as an important parameter for characterizing surfactants with weakly alkoxylated hydrophilic groups, facilitating the development and optimization of new surfactant molecules for detergents, emulsifiers, and wetting agents.

Process Optimization for Derivative Production In processes like sulphonation, accurate knowledge of the alkoxylation degree via the cloud point index is essential for controlling chemical reactions and product properties.

Research and Development This method supports formulation research by providing a quick assessment tool for surfactant phase behavior and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) correlations.

Related Standards

ISO 607 - Agents de surface - Detergents - Methods for sample division, which governs sample preparation for surfactant testing including cloud point measures.

ISO 760 - Water determination by Karl Fischer titration, referenced for the quality control of water used in preparation steps.

ISO 385 and ISO 648 - Standard specifications for laboratory burettes and pipettes to ensure volumetric accuracy during testing.

Keywords: ISO 4320, cloud point index, non-ionic surfactants, volumetric method, surface active agents, alkoxylation, weakly oxyalkylated surfactants, quality control, surfactant characterization, propanol solution.

ISO 4320:1977 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key Topics

Applications

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