ISO 4698:2022 PDF

Name: ISO 4698:2022 — Iron ore pellets for blast furnace feedstocks — Determination of the free-swelling index
SKU: ISO 4698:2022
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Iron ore pellets for blast furnace feedstocks — Determination of the free-swelling index

Название (английский):

ISO 4698:2022

Iron ore pellets for blast furnace feedstocks — Determination of the free-swelling index

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 24
Дата публикации:: 10 ноября 2022 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 4698 edition 3 version 1
ICS:: 73.060.10

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Описание (английский):

This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the increase in volume of iron ore pellets, when reduced in an unconstrained bed under conditions resembling those prevailing in the reduction zone of a blast furnace. It specifies the determination of the free-swelling index. This document is applicable to hot-bonded pellets.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Упомянутые в описании и другие стандарты ISO

Overview

ISO 4698:2022 - Iron ore pellets for blast furnace feedstocks - Determination of the free‑swelling index specifies a laboratory method to measure the free‑swelling index (FSI) of hot‑bonded iron ore pellets. The FSI is a relative measure of pellet volume increase when reduced in an unconstrained bed under conditions simulating the reduction zone of a blast furnace. The procedure delivers comparable results across laboratories to support quality control, contract specification and research.

Key topics and technical requirements

Scope and applicability: Applicable to hot‑bonded pellets used as blast furnace feedstocks.

Sample preparation: Use ISO 3082 sampling; pellet size range −12.5 mm / +10.0 mm; oven‑dry test sample to constant mass (105 °C ± 5 °C); minimum 1 kg test sample.

Test portions: At least four test portions, each of 18 whole pellets selected at random.

Reduction conditions:

Isothermal reduction at 900 °C ± 10 °C in a fixed, unconstrained bed.
Reducing gas composition: CO 30.0% ± 0.5%, N2 70.0% ± 0.5%.
Gas purity limits for impurities (H2, CO2, O2, H2O) are specified.
Reducing gas flow 15 L/min ± 1 L/min; heating/cooling N2 flow profiles given (e.g., 10 L/min to heat, 15 L/min during equilibration, 5 L/min for cooling).
Default reduction time 60 min (shorter times, e.g., 40 min, permitted when appropriate).

Apparatus: Reduction tube (internal diameter 75 mm ± 1 mm), test‑portion holder (three levels of 6 pellets), electrically heated furnace, gas‑supply system, and volumetric apparatus capable of 0.2 ml accuracy. Annex B describes volume measurement methods.

Result calculation: FSI (%) = (V1 − V0) / V0 × 100, where V0 is volume before reduction and V1 after reduction. Annex A covers acceptance/repeatability rules.

Safety: Carbon monoxide is toxic-tests require ventilation and safety controls.

Practical applications and users

Steelmakers and blast furnace operators: Evaluate pellet behaviour in the reduction zone to predict furnace performance, permeability and burden behavior.

Pellet producers: Quality control during production, batch certification and R&D for product optimization.

Independent testing laboratories: Standardized method for contractual testing and inter‑laboratory comparison.

Researchers: Studies of reducibility, swelling behaviour and effects of pellet chemistry or binder systems.

Keywords: ISO 4698:2022, free‑swelling index, iron ore pellets, blast furnace feedstocks, hot‑bonded pellets, reduction testing, CO/N2 reducing gas.

ISO 4698:2022 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Practical applications and users

Related standards

Технические детали

BS ISO 3082:2017

Iron ores. Sampling and sample preparation procedures.

BS ISO 11323:2010

Iron ore and direct reduced iron. Vocabulary.

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