ISO 9042:2024 PDF

Name: ISO 9042:2024 — Steels — Point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with a point grid
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Steels — Point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with a point grid

Название (английский):

ISO 9042:2024

Steels — Point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with a point grid

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 8
Дата публикации:: 9 апреля 2024 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 9042 edition 2 version 1
ICS:: 77.040.99

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Описание (английский):

This document specifies a point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent through the microstructure of a steel by means of a point grid. It applies to constituents which are clearly identifiable. By default, counting is performed manually, but can be computer assisted or substituted by validated computer algorithms. NOTE In this document, the word "constituent" can designate a phase as well as a micrographic constituent composed of two or more phases.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Упомянутые в описании и другие стандарты ISO

Overview

ISO 9042:2024 - Steels: Point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with a point grid - defines a standardized metallographic procedure to estimate the volume (area) fraction of an identifiable constituent in steel microstructures using a point grid. The method is applicable to manually counted grids, computer‑assisted counting, or fully automated but validated image analysis algorithms. The document updates and replaces ISO 9042:1988 and clarifies statistical treatment and grid selection for reliable results.

Key topics and requirements

Principle: Superimpose a regular point grid on microstructural fields, count points falling within the constituent, and compute the volume fraction statistically.

Grid options: Examples include circular, square (16, 25, 49, 100 points recommended), and hexagonal (Blaschke) grids. Non‑periodic or angled placement is advised to avoid alignment bias with periodic structures.

Counting rules: Points on a boundary are counted as one‑half; ambiguous points should be treated as one‑half to reduce bias. Minimum recommended fields and point counts depend on desired relative error (Erel).

Sampling & preparation: Sample must be representative; standard metallographic polishing and, where needed, etching are required to reveal constituents clearly (see ISO/TR 20580 for preparation practices).

Magnification & field selection: Choose magnification so point markings are smaller than constituents and the spacing approximates the smallest constituent of interest. Field positions should be predetermined and moved to by stage translation (not visual selection) to avoid operator bias.

Statistics & reporting: Compute arithmetic mean of point proportions, estimate standard deviation of the mean, and report 95% confidence interval using Student’s t values (table provided). A minimum of five fields is recommended, with tables to predict the number of fields needed for specified relative errors.

Automation: Computer algorithms may replace manual counting only when validated.

Applications

Quantitative metallography for steel development, failure analysis, quality control and certification

Measurement of phase fractions (ferrite, pearlite, retained austenite) or multi‑phase constituents

R&D labs, heat‑treatment facilities, steel producers, inspection and material testing laboratories using optical microscopy or digital imaging

Integration into digital image analysis workflows once algorithms are validated to conform with the statistical approach

Related standards

ISO/TR 20580 - guidance on metallographic sample preparation (referenced for polishing/etching techniques)

ISO/TC 17 (Steel) technical committee publications for complementary steel testing methods

Keywords: ISO 9042:2024, point counting method, steels, volume fraction, point grid, metallography, microstructure analysis, digital image analysis, quantitative metallography.

ISO 9042:2024 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Технические детали

ISO 9042:1988

Steels — Manual point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent with…

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