Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. Hydraulic transient analysis, design considerations and testing
Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. Hydraulic transient analysis, design considerations and testing
1 Scope This Technical Specification (1) describes hydraulic transient phenomena of hydro turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines and the factors that affect them, (2) provides modelling and measurement best practice guidelines and resulting limitations (3) defines relevant equipment design criteria, and (4) identifies potential mitigation solutions. Definitions of the relevant terms and quantities are provided along with descriptions of the system components that are considered. Various types of hydraulic transient phenomena are covered in the current specification, including waterhammer, surge tank mass oscillation, and speed variation of the hydraulic machine for operational modes such as start-up, normal shutdown, emergency shutdown, and load rejection and acceptance. Combinations of the individual transient modes are also considered. The links between these transient characteristics and operation across the relevant quadrants for each machine type are illustrated. Methods for mitigating extreme transient values of pressure, surge tank water levels, and unit rotational speed are suggested. In this Technical Specification, abnormal transient phenomena are also defined and described, including component malfunction and catastrophic events like component rupture. The probability of the occurrence of these extreme events and how this can influence the relevant safety margin is described. Different stages of hydroelectric development correspond to unique sets of available ...
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