IEC 60034-5:2020

Overview

IEC 60034-5:2020 defines the IP code (degrees of protection) specifically for rotating electrical machines. It provides the classification, designation and test requirements for enclosures of motors, generators and similar rotating machines, focusing on protection:

• of persons against contact with live or moving parts,
• of machines against ingress of solid foreign objects and dust,
• of machines against the harmful effects of water ingress.

This fifth edition (2020, corrigendum Jan 2024 included) updates definitions and test methods (notably adding a second-characteristic numeral 9), clarifies terms such as open drain hole, aligns pressure values in Pa, and introduces a new Clause 3 with definitions.

Key topics and requirements

• Designation and marking: Uses the IP format (letters “IP” + two characteristic numerals, plus optional supplementary letters) to communicate protection levels.
• First characteristic numeral: Protection against access to hazardous parts and ingress of solid objects (standard test finger, guards).
• Second characteristic numeral: Protection against ingress of water (dripping, spraying, splashing, jetting, immersion - and new test methods for level 9).
• Test methods and acceptance criteria: Laboratory tests and conditions to verify compliance; procedures for fans, drain holes, and open weather-protected machines.
• Scope limitations: Does not cover protection against mechanical damage, condensation, corrosive vapours, fungus, vermin or the specific types of explosion protection (see IEC 60079 series for Ex equipment).
• Applicability to explosion-proof machines: IP classification applies to Ex motors’ enclosures, but not to the explosion-protection methods themselves.

Practical applications

IEC 60034-5 is essential for:

• Motor and generator manufacturers - design and validate enclosure protection and mark products with the correct IP rating.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies - perform IP tests and issue conformity evidence.
• Specifiers, OEMs and procurement teams - select appropriate rotating machines for environments (outdoor, marine, dusty, wet, washdown).
• Electrical and mechanical designers - integrate enclosure requirements (drainage, cooling fans, sealing) into product development.
• Maintenance and safety engineers - interpret IP ratings to assess suitability and service considerations.

Using IEC 60034-5 helps ensure safety, durability and correct component selection when protecting rotating electrical machines from ingress of solids, dust and water.

Related standards

• IEC 60034 series (general rotating machine standards) - e.g., IEC 60034-1 (rating and performance), IEC 60034-6 (cooling / IC code).
• IEC 60079 series - requirements for equipment used in explosive atmospheres (Ex motors).