ISO 22078:2020

Overview

ISO 22078:2020 - Intelligent transport systems - Bicyclist detection and collision mitigation systems (BDCMS) - specifies performance requirements and test procedures for systems that detect bicyclists ahead of a vehicle and automatically initiate emergency braking (EB) to mitigate or avoid collisions. The standard defines the concept of operation, minimum functionality, system interfaces, system-level requirements, and the criteria and procedures to verify compliance. Implementation choices are left to designers where possible. The operational domain is public roads; motorcycles and pedestrians are excluded.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and intent: BDCMS are intended to detect bicyclists, determine hazardous situations, and apply EB when a collision is imminent. Systems that rely on evasive steering are out of scope.
• System types and classes: Two types based on ambient illuminance (Type I - daytime only; Type II - daytime, twilight, night-time) and two classes by vehicle size (Class I - light vehicles; Class II - heavy vehicles).
• Minimum enabling capabilities: detect hazardous situations, determine subject vehicle (SV) velocity, initiate and modulate EB (with optional collision warning), integrate with ESC for yaw/stability and manage longitudinal wheel slip, allow driver override, and provide system availability information to the driver.
• Operational definitions: illuminance thresholds (e.g., daytime > 2 000 lx, night-time < 1 lx; twilight ranges given), bicyclist definition, hazardous situation, impact point, and vehicle class definitions.
• Operating model: state transition diagram and state functional descriptions (off, inactive, active, fail states) define expected system behavior and self-test responses.
• Test procedures and verification:
  • Bicyclist test target physical and detectability specifications (reference to ISO 19206-4).
  • Environmental test conditions (driving surface, ambient temperature, horizontal visibility, illumination).
  • Dynamic test scenarios: longitudinal scenario and crossing scenario (limited dynamic tests).
  • System test criteria to confirm required speed reduction and EB performance.

Applications / Who uses this standard

• Vehicle manufacturers and ADAS suppliers - to design, validate, and document BDCMS meeting international performance criteria.
• System integrators and sensor vendors - for interface and functional requirements when integrating detection sensors and braking controls.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies - to run standardized longitudinal and crossing test procedures and verify compliance.
• Regulators and road-safety authorities - to set procurement or regulatory requirements for bicyclist protection systems.
• Researchers and safety analysts - for consistent evaluation of BDCMS effectiveness under defined conditions.

Related standards

• ISO 19206-4 - test devices and bicyclist target requirements (referenced for test targets)
• ISO 19237 - pedestrian detection and mitigation (pedestrians are out of scope of ISO 22078)
• ISO 22839 - other vehicle hazards and related systems
• ISO 8608, ISO/CIE 19476 - referenced for road profile and illuminance/luminance characterization

Keywords: ISO 22078:2020, BDCMS, bicyclist detection, emergency braking, intelligent transport systems, ADAS test procedures, performance requirements.