ISO/IEC 23090-5:2023

Overview

ISO/IEC 23090-5:2023 defines the coded representation and decoding model for visual volumetric media using video‑based methods. Commonly referenced as V3C (Visual Volumetric Video‑based Coding) and covering V‑PCC (Video‑based Point Cloud Compression), the standard specifies the syntax, semantics and decoding processes for bitstreams that represent volumetric/point‑cloud scenes. It also details auxiliary processes that support reconstruction - including post‑decoding, pre‑reconstruction, post‑reconstruction and adaptation - enabling interoperable delivery and rendering of immersive media.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Bitstream structure and formats: Definitions for V3C unit and NAL (Network Abstraction Layer) bitstream formats, partitioning of atlas frames into tiles, and sample stream layouts.
• Syntax and semantics: Tabular specification of syntax elements, descriptors, and semantics for V3C parameter sets, atlas tile data units, SEI (Supplemental Enhancement Information) messages, and raw byte payloads.
• Decoding pipeline: Detailed decoding processes for atlas data, occupancy, geometry, attribute, and packed videos; sub‑bitstream extraction; and parsing (including Exp‑Golomb coding handling).
• Reconstruction & post‑processing: Processes required to convert decoded video streams into volumetric geometry/attributes, including optional conversion to nominal video formats and adaptation for varying client capabilities.
• Profiles, tiers and levels: Conformance points that define interoperability ranges (see normative annexes).
• V‑PCC integration: Normative Annex H specifies the video‑based point cloud compression workflow and requirements for representing point clouds using video coding primitives.
• Reference materials: Annexes include sample stream formats, a hypothetical reference decoder, and volumetric usability information for implementers.

Practical applications

• Streaming and delivery of volumetric video for VR/AR/immersive experiences
• Real‑time telepresence and free‑viewpoint video applications
• Efficient transmission and storage of 3D point clouds for mapping, digital twins, and cultural heritage capture
• Authoring and playback toolchains that reconstruct geometry and texture from compressed atlases
• Networked experiences that require adaptation of volumetric content to device capabilities and bandwidth

Who should use this standard

• Codec and middleware implementers building V3C / V‑PCC encoders and decoders
• Immersive media platform and streaming providers
• VR/AR application developers and graphics engine integrators
• Hardware vendors (SoC, GPU) implementing decoding acceleration
• Researchers and standards professionals working on 3D media interoperability

Related standards

• Other parts of the ISO/IEC 23090 series (Coded representation of immersive media)
• References and additions for ISO/IEC 23090‑12 (MPEG Immersive Video) are reflected in this edition

Keywords: ISO/IEC 23090-5:2023, V3C, V‑PCC, visual volumetric video, video‑based point cloud compression, immersive media, volumetric video, atlas, NAL, decoding, reconstruction, point cloud compression.