ISO/TS 16843-4:2017

Overview

ISO/TS 16843-4:2017 establishes a formal categorial structure for representing meridian and collateral concepts in acupuncture within health informatics. The technical specification defines a minimal set of domain constraints that combine characterizing categories and semantic links to represent meridians, collateral channels and their relationships. The standard addresses gaps in reporting and data interoperability by making semantic associations explicit and enabling consistent description of acupuncture interventions.

Key Topics

• Characterizing categories: The document lists categories used to describe meridian and collateral, including:

  • Meridian and collateral
  • Course of the meridian
  • Meridian qi
  • Body and orifices
  • Physiology functions
  • Viscera and bowels
  • Pathological process-TM
  • Fourteen meridians
  • Twelve meridians
  • Anatomical landmark

• Semantic links: Standardized directed relations between concepts are specified so that meaning is machine interpretable and consistent. Key links include:

  • Belong to (e.g., acupuncture points belong to a meridian)
  • Regulate (relation to physiology functions and pathological processes)
  • Location of (positioning relative to anatomical landmarks)
  • Traverse (meridian qi traversing meridian structures)
  • Connected to (attachments between meridians, collaterals, body structures)
  • Correspond to (relationships between meridians and viscera/bowels)

• Categorial structures diagram: Clause 6 and Figure 1 describe the diagrammatic model that links characterizing categories to meridian and collateral concepts.

Applications

This specification supports practical use cases where consistent, semantic representation of acupuncture concepts is required:

• Standardized clinical reporting: Improves the completeness and comparability of meridian/collateral descriptions in clinical trials and case reports.
• Interoperability: Enables exchange of acupuncture data between health information systems and terminological resources by using defined categories and links.
• Data synthesis and research: Makes semantic associations explicit to reduce heterogeneity across studies and facilitate meta-analysis and secondary use of clinical data.
• Terminology and ontology development: Provides a formal basis for mapping traditional medicine concepts to broader health informatics vocabularies.

Related Standards

• ISO/TS 16843-1 (Acupuncture points)
• ISO/TS 16843-2 (Needling)
• ISO/TS 16277-1 and ISO/TS 17938 (Traditional medicine categorial structures and semantic networks)
• ISO 17115 and ISO 1087-1 (terminology guidance)

This specification is primarily a semantic and structural framework; it does not alter clinical practice but improves how meridian and collateral information is represented, exchanged, and analysed in health informatics contexts.