ISO/TR 18228-2:2021 PDF

Name: ISO/TR 18228-2:2021 — Design using geosynthetics — Part 2: Separation
SKU: ISO/TR 18228-2:2021
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Design using geosynthetics — Part 2: Separation

Название (английский):

ISO/TR 18228-2:2021

Design using geosynthetics — Part 2: Separation

Статус документа:: Действующий
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 8
Дата публикации:: 22 октября 2021 г.
Издание:: ISO TR 18228 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 59.080.70

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Описание (английский):

This document provides general considerations to support the design guidance to geotechnical and civil engineers involved in the design of structures in which a geotextile is used to fulfil the function of separation of soils and below ground structures in contact with natural soils and fills. These considerations are always based on installed soils, the installation process and on the strength and/or deformation behaviour of geosynthetics.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO/TR 18228-2:2021 - Design using geosynthetics - Part 2: Separation provides practical, non‑mandatory guidance for using geotextiles where the primary function is separation of soils and below‑ground structures in contact with natural soils and fills. Intended for geotechnical and civil engineers, the report focuses on installed soils, the installation process, and the strength and deformation behaviour of geosynthetics to ensure long‑term separation performance.

Key topics

Separation function and scope - Guidance on when and how a geotextile should prevent mixing of dissimilar materials (subgrade vs. aggregate cover).

Design concepts worldwide - Summaries of regional approaches, notably the German GRK (Geotextilrobustheitsklasse) classification and the American AASHTO M288 survivability approach.

GRK robustness classes - Selection based on two main parameters: mass per unit area (ISO 9864) and strength/puncture resistance (ISO 12236 for non‑wovens, ISO 10319 for wovens). Example thresholds:

Non‑woven: GRK 3 ≥ 1.5 kN & ≥ 150 g/m²; GRK 4 ≥ 2.5 kN & ≥ 250 g/m²; GRK 5 ≥ 3.5 kN & ≥ 300 g/m².
Woven (tape/yarn): GRK 3 ≥ 35 kN/m & ≥ 180 g/m²; GRK 4 ≥ 45 kN/m & ≥ 220 g/m²; GRK 5 ≥ 50 kN/m & ≥ 250 g/m².
Multifilament (PET): higher tensile thresholds and mass requirements for GRK 3–5.

Installation and construction stresses - Classification of site stresses (AB1–AB5) by compaction, equipment, and rut depth (e.g., AB2: rut < 5 cm; AB3: 5–15 cm; AB4: 15–30 cm; AB5: > 30 cm). GRK selection is driven by both fill material characteristics (AS levels) and installation stress (AB levels).

AASHTO M288 summary - Material survivability/specification for separation-only geotextiles, typically applicable where subgrade CBR ≥ 3% (unsaturated soils) and where hydraulic transmissivity is not critical.

Applications

Road and pavement base stabilization where a geotextile prevents contamination of aggregate by subgrade soils.

Temporary construction access, borrow pits and embankment layers requiring separation under traffic and compaction.

Utility trenches and drainage systems where soil separation protects structural layers.

Specification and procurement of geotextiles by design engineers, contractors, and material suppliers seeking survivability and robustness guidance.

Who should use this

Geotechnical and civil engineers developing pavement and earth‑structure designs

Specifiers and procurement teams preparing material requirements

Contractors and site supervisors planning installation and compaction procedures

Manufacturers and testing laboratories aligning products to GRK or AASHTO M288 criteria

Related standards

ISO/TR 18228-1 (general guidance for geosynthetics design)

ISO 10318-1 (terms & definitions)

ISO 9864, ISO 12236, ISO 10319 (test methods)

AASHTO M288 (geotextile survivability/specification)

This report helps match geotextile properties (mass, puncture/tensile resistance) and installation practices to site conditions to maintain the separation function and extend service life.

ISO/TR 18228-2:2021 PDF

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics

Applications

Who should use this

Related standards

Технические детали

SIST EN ISO 9864:2005

Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and geotextile-related…

ISO 12236:1996

Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Static puncture test (CBR test)

SIST EN ISO 10319:2024

Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319:2024)

ISO/TR 18228-10:2024

Design using geosynthetics — Part 10: Asphalt pavements

SIST EN ISO 10318-1:2026

Geosynthetics - Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 10318-1:2026)