IEC 61215-1-4:2021

Overview

IEC 61215-1-4:2021 establishes international requirements for the design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules, focusing specifically on thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂-based technology. Issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), this standard supplements the baseline testing outlined in IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021. The aim is to assess PV modules' long-term reliability, safety, and performance under open-air climatic conditions, providing manufacturers and stakeholders with solid ground for product quality and market acceptance.

This second edition introduces significant updates, including new tests for dynamic mechanical loading, potential-induced degradation (PID), and bending for flexible modules, reflecting the technological progress and field experience in thin-film PV applications.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application
  IEC 61215-1-4:2021 applies to all thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ flat plate PV modules intended for terrestrial (non-concentrator) use, focusing on performance in general open-air climates.

• Specialized Testing Requirements
  The standard supplements general PV module testing with procedures tailored to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ technology, addressing unique material properties and degradation mechanisms.

• Significant Technical Changes

  • Addition of cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) to simulate real-world mechanical stresses.
  • Enhanced detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21).
  • Introduction of a bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules, supporting innovation in module design.

• Comprehensive Test Flow
  IEC 61215-1-4 references and builds upon established tests from IEC 61215-2, such as:

  • Visual inspection
  • Maximum power determination
  • Outdoor exposure
  • Thermal cycling and humidity-freeze
  • Damp heat and UV preconditioning
  • Stabilization procedures
  • Static and dynamic mechanical loading
  • PID and bending tests for relevant modules

• Performance & Pass Criteria
  Criteria are defined to ensure reproducibility and limit measurement uncertainty, which supports consistent product quality and reliable field performance.

Applications

IEC 61215-1-4:2021 is valuable for:

• PV Module Manufacturers:
  Ensures that thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ PV modules are rigorously tested for durability and reliability, enabling compliance for global market access.

• Certification Bodies and Test Labs:
  Provides a harmonized framework for third-party testing, supporting objective type approval processes.

• Project Developers and EPC Contractors:
  Enhances confidence in the long-term performance and suitability of selected thin-film PV modules for use in large-scale terrestrial installations.

• System Integrators and End Users:
  Assures that modules meet high quality standards, contributing to robust system performance and reduced operational risks.

• Research and Innovation:
  The additions in this edition support further development of flexible and innovative thin-film PV products for diverse deployment scenarios.

Related Standards

For complete and up-to-date qualification of thin-film PV modules, IEC 61215-1-4:2021 must be used in conjunction with the following standards:

• IEC 61215-1:2021 – Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1: Test requirements
• IEC 61215-2:2021 – Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 2: Test procedures
• IEC TS 63126 – Considerations for high-temperature operation of PV modules
• IEC 63163 – (Under development) Type approval for PV in consumer electronics
• IEC 62506 – General guidance for accelerated reliability testing
• IEC 62941 – Quality management systems in PV module manufacturing

By adhering to IEC 61215-1-4:2021 and its related standards, stakeholders can demonstrate compliance, enhance market trust, and support the deployment of reliable, high-performance thin-film PV solutions worldwide.

Keywords: IEC 61215-1-4:2021, thin-film PV modules, Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂, PV module qualification, type approval, mechanical load test, PID, flexible PV modules, photovoltaic standards, reliability testing, IEC solar standards.